Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is spread through sexual contact with an infected person, including vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
There are four stages of syphilis: primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary. Symptoms vary depending on the stage of the infection.
In the primary stage, a painless sore (chancre) appears on or near the genitals, anus, or mouth. The sore usually lasts for 3-6 weeks before disappearing on its own, even without treatment.
In the secondary stage, which occurs a few weeks after the primary stage, symptoms can include a rash on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, flu-like symptoms such as fever and sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes.
In the latent stage, which can last for years, there are no visible symptoms but the infection can still be present in the body.
In the tertiary stage, which can occur years after the initial infection, the infection can cause serious health problems such as damage to the heart, brain, or nervous system.
Syphilis can be diagnosed through a blood test and can be treated with antibiotics. The earlier the infection is diagnosed and treated, the better the outcome.
Prevention measures include practicing safe sex, using condoms consistently and correctly, and getting regular STI screenings, especially if you have multiple sexual partners. It is also important to inform sexual partners if you have been diagnosed with syphilis, so that they can get tested and treated as well.